10.7

Subject Clarification Rule

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Overview

Subject Clarification Rule
When a proper name is used with a verb, English and Judean handle the subject differently.

English: Mentions the subject 1x in a statement. The name replaces the pronoun.

Judean: Mentions the subject 2x in a statement. The name AND the pronoun both appear - the pronoun is built into the verb, and the name clarifies who the pronoun refers to.

READING GOAL:
To understand why Judean states the subject twice and how this works with both Perfect and Imperfect verbs.

The Rule

English: "David walks" - subject stated ONCE (David)

Judean: ื™ื”ืœืš ยท ื“ื•ื“ - subject stated TWICE:

  • ื“ื•ื“ = David (the name - clarifies who)
  • ื™ื”ืœืš = HE-walks (the pronoun "he" built into verb)

This applies to BOTH verb types:

  • Imperfect (present/future): Name + conjugated verb with prefix
  • Perfect (past): Name + conjugated verb with suffix

Why? Clarification AND verb agreement. The verb must agree with the subject's gender, and the name clarifies exactly who is doing the action.

English vs Judean

English Subject Count Judean Subject Count
David walks 1x ื™ื”ืœืš ยท ื“ื•ื“ 2x
David walked 1x ื“ื•ื“ ยท ื”ืœืš 2x

Examples - Imperfect (Present/Future)

EXAMPLE 1
David walks
ื™ื”ืœืš ยท ื“ื•ื“
David ื“ื•ื“ ยท he-walks ื™ื”ืœืš
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: ื™ prefix (he)
EXAMPLE 2
David will speak
ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ยท ื“ื•ื“
David ื“ื•ื“ ยท he-will-speak ื™ื“ื‘ืจ
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: ื™ prefix (he)
EXAMPLE 3
David will eat
ื™ืื›ืœ ยท ื“ื•ื“
David ื“ื•ื“ ยท he-will-eat ื™ืื›ืœ
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: ื™ prefix (he)

Examples - Perfect (Past)

EXAMPLE 4
David walked
ื“ื•ื“ ยท ื”ืœืš
walked (he) ื”ืœืš ยท David ื“ื•ื“
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: no suffix (3ms = he)
EXAMPLE 5
David spoke
ื“ื•ื“ ยท ื“ื‘ืจ
spoke (he) ื“ื‘ืจ ยท David ื“ื•ื“
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: no suffix (3ms = he)
EXAMPLE 6
David ate
ื“ื•ื“ ยท ืื›ืœ
ate (he) ืื›ืœ ยท David ื“ื•ื“
Subject 1: ื“ื•ื“ (name) | Subject 2: no suffix (3ms = he)

Gender Matters!

The verb must agree with the subject's gender. By default, proper names are treated as masculine. To mark a name as female, add a ื” symbol to suffix of the verb. When using the Judean Translator, add (f) after the name and it will be taken care of for you.

English Gender Judean
David walked male ื“ื•ื“ ยท ื”ืœืš
Sarah walked male (default) ืฉืจื” ยท ื”ืœืš
Sarah (f) walked female ืฉืจื” ยท ื”ืœื›ื”

Key Points

  • English states the subject 1x (name OR pronoun)
  • Judean states the subject 2x (name AND pronoun in verb)
  • Works with both Imperfect and Perfect verbs
  • The name clarifies WHO the pronoun refers to
  • Gender matters - verb must agree with subject
  • Default gender for proper names is masculine
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*Rule discovered and documented through direct textual analysis by Itharey Daughter of the Diaspora and it is implemented into the Judean Translator.

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